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Ouranos › Stars, nebulae, clusters and galaxies
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Supernova remnant

Cassiopeia A

Also Cas A · 3C 461 · SNR G111.7-02.1

Open in OuranosCompare its size
Cassiopeia A — Chandra, X-ray
Chandra, X-ray. Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/Meiji Univ./T. Sato et al.; Image Processing: NASA/CXC/SAO/N. Wolk. Licence: Public domain (NASA). Source

The expanding debris of a massive star whose explosion light reached Earth around 1680.

Measured

Distance
about 11,000 light-years (published estimates 10,800–12,100)
Size
about 16 light-years across (approximate)
Constellation
Cassiopeia
Position (J2000)
RA 23h 23m 26s, Dec +58.81°

How far, from the Sun

About 11,000 light-years. To cross it:

  • Light11,000 years
  • Voyager 1's speed195 million years
  • Driving at 100 km/h119 billion years

Voyager 1 at the speed it moved outward over the year to 2026-10-25 (JPL Horizons). Driving: nonstop, never refuelling.

Facts

  • Its expansion dates the explosion, as seen from Earth, to about 1681, give or take 19 years.
  • No clear historical record of the supernova survives, perhaps because dust dimmed it.
  • It is the brightest radio source in the sky beyond the Solar System at frequencies above 1 GHz.
  • The Chandra X-ray telescope spotted its central compact source, a neutron star, in its first-light image in 1999.

Where this comes from

  • Reed et al. 1995 (3.4 +0.3/−0.1 kpc); expansion age from Fesen et al. 2006

Every catalogue Ouranos draws is credited on the credits page.